Measuring radioactivity, 1955 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> The counter room for measuring radioactivity. Two technicians, a man and a woman,are seated at the far end of the room; the woman is working with one of the machines. A number of pieces of equipment are shown. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-6 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1955 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 12.1 x 9.5 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-6 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Chemistry laboratory , 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> A chemical laboratory reagent supply depot. Two female students are posed at the far end of a counter as if selecting chemicals for use. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-5 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 12.1 x 9.5 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-5 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Students in chemistry laboratory, 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> The balance room used for quantitative analysis. Contiquous fumehoods line both walls of a long narrow room, down the center aisle of which are arranged chairs at each fume hood work station. Sitting back to back in two rows, students are occupied in their individual experiments. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-4 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 12.1 x 9.5 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-4 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Student in chemistry laboratory, 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> A student working in a newly designed laboratory for instruction in general chemistry employing semi-micro techniques. Test tubes and reagent bottles are arranged neatly at the work station. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-5-2 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 12.1 x 9.5 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-5-2 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Student in chemistry laboratory, 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> A female technician in a white lab coat recording the results of an experiment in organic chemistry. She is monitoring an apparatus used to separate natural products from plant material. The instrument consists of large glass tubes, beakers, and possibly a heat source. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-3 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 8.9 x 11.4 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-3 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Students in chemistry laboratory , 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> Four female students in white lab coats conducting an experiment in a chemistry laboratory. Two of the students are at the counter and two are to the rear watching while taking notes. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-1 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 11.9 x 8.5 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-6-1 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Models of complex cystals, 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> H. Frederick Hollenbeck and Frances Hiltrop working with models of complex crystals. In addition to a large model in the foreground there are models shelved behind them. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-5-4 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 8.5 x 11.8 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-5-4 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Dry box in chemistry laboratory, 1959 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> Jim Weiher at the dry box (a shielded laboratory chemical containment hood), which was used to perform chemical operations in a controlled atmosphere. Weiher is seated, with his arms inserted through portals into the inner chamber which can be viewed through a glass cover. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-5-1 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1959 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 12.1 x 9.5 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-5-1 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Faculty and students in chemistry laboratory, 1958 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> Professor F. E. Brown observing a chemistry student in the lab. The student is using a dropper to add liquid to a test tube. Three other students are working in the background. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-4-4 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1958 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 10.5 x 8.9 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-4-4 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/ Creating laboratory glassware, 1955 <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Laboratory">Laboratory</a> <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iowa+State+University">Iowa State University</a> Two technicians in the glass lab of the Chemistry Department. One technician is working with a torch and tubes of glass at a worktable, on which are a lighter, glass tubes, rubber stoppers and various tools.The other technician is standing in the background inspecting a large glass tube. The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm offered chemistry classes to its first classes in 1869. The department was formally established in 1871, and served students in Agriculture, Engineering, Science, Home Economics and Veterinary Medicine. The Chemical and Physical Laboratory was constructed in 1870-1871, and after it burned in 1913, a new building, Chemistry Hall, was built to replace it. Department Chair, Winfred Coover (1914-1944) expanded the teaching system and emphasized independent research throughout World War I and the post-war period. With the advent of the Ames Laboratory and World War II, the Chemistry Department further developed its cutting edge and interdisciplinary research programs in addition to its teaching. In 1973, Chemistry Hall was renamed Gilman Hall, in honor of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Henry Gilman. The Department also has laboratories, classrooms and offices in Hach Hall. The Chemistry Department is now part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, and also frequently partners with the Ames Laboratory. Iowa State University 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-4-3 Iowa State University Library Special Collections; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/index.html 1955 2005-10-07 U.S. and international copyright laws protect this digital image. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. For permission to use the digital image, please contact Iowa State University Library, Special Collections archives@iastate.edu For reproductions see: http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/services/photfees.html University Photographs; http://www.add.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/collections/images.html Photograph 13.0 x 10.2 cm Still Image (grayscale) Image 13-6-F.Chemistry.1052-4-3 https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/